JavaScript中typeof和instanceof对比区分类型

// Numbers
typeof 37 === 'number';
typeof 3.14 === 'number';
typeof(42) === 'number';
typeof Math.LN2 === 'number';
typeof Infinity === 'number';
typeof NaN === 'number'; // Despite being "Not-A-Number"
typeof Number(1) === 'number'; // but never use this form!


// Strings
typeof '' === 'string';
typeof 'bla' === 'string';
typeof '1' === 'string'; // note that a number within a string is still typeof string
typeof (typeof 1) === 'string'; // typeof always returns a string
typeof String('abc') === 'string'; // but never use this form!


// Booleans
typeof true === 'boolean';
typeof false === 'boolean';
typeof Boolean(true) === 'boolean'; // but never use this form!


// Symbols
typeof Symbol() === 'symbol'
typeof Symbol('foo') === 'symbol'
typeof Symbol.iterator === 'symbol'


// Undefined
typeof undefined === 'undefined';
typeof declaredButUndefinedVariable === 'undefined';
typeof undeclaredVariable === 'undefined';


// Objects
typeof {a: 1} === 'object';

// use Array.isArray or Object.prototype.toString.call
// to differentiate regular objects from arrays
typeof [1, 2, 4] === 'object';

typeof new Date() === 'object';


// The following is confusing. Don't use!
typeof new Boolean(true) === 'object';
typeof new Number(1) === 'object';
typeof new String('abc') === 'object';


// Functions
typeof function() {} === 'function';
typeof class C {} === 'function';
typeof Math.sin === 'function';


// This stands since the beginning of JavaScript
typeof null === 'object';

// 定义构造函数
function C(){}
function D(){}

var o = new C();

// true，因为 Object.getPrototypeOf(o) === C.prototype
o instanceof C;

// false，因为 D.prototype不在o的原型链上
o instanceof D;

o instanceof Object; // true,因为Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(o)返回true
C.prototype instanceof Object // true,同上

C.prototype = {};
var o2 = new C();

o2 instanceof C; // true

o instanceof C; // false,C.prototype指向了一个空对象,这个空对象不在o的原型链上.

D.prototype = new C(); // 继承
var o3 = new D();
o3 instanceof D; // true
o3 instanceof C; // true

var simpleStr = "This is a simple string";
var myString  = new String();
var newStr    = new String("String created with constructor");
var myDate    = new Date();
var myObj     = {};

simpleStr instanceof String; // returns false, 检查原型链会找到 undefined
myString  instanceof String; // returns true
newStr    instanceof String; // returns true
myString  instanceof Object; // returns true

myObj instanceof Object;    // returns true, despite an undefined prototype
({})  instanceof Object;    // returns true, 同上

myString instanceof Date;   // returns false

myDate instanceof Date;     // returns true
myDate instanceof Object;   // returns true
myDate instanceof String;   // returns false